Crusher



D. COLE CRUSHER Sem, i6, 1930.

Filed sept. 24, 1928 Patentedv Sept. 16, 1930 UNITED s'rAres PATENT OFFICE DAVID COLE0F EL PASO, TEXAS, ASSIGNOR vTO NORDBRG MANUFACTURING CO., lOF

MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION 0F WISCONSIN cRUsHER i Application led September 24, 1928. Serial No. 307,968.

,according to the process claimed in Patent 1,537,565, both granted to Edgar B. Symons, May 12, 1925.

The invention will develop features of utility rin connection with gyratory crushers generally, but is peculiarly valuable in connecf tion with the Symons gyratory crusher because of certain limitations heretofore imposed on the design of that crusher by the requirements of the so-called sizing zone.

A characteristic feature of the Symons process is the feed of the material to the Crusher at a controlled rate such that the space between the cone and concave is never filled, the material flowing in a stre-am made` up of substantially a single layer of particles. It follows that the materials undergoing crushing drop yfreely through the crushing zone and pass freely through by gravity, being periodically interruptedin their m0- tion by a succession of crushing impacts.

lIn this process the pieces are successively crushed between the concave and the cone rather than being compacted and crushed against each other, and this has made it possible to provide between the lower margin of the cone and concave what Symons calls a zone of parallelism in which the opposed walls of the crushing element are approximately parallel at their'position of maximum approach. Y

As stated in Symons specification, the length of the zone of parallelism is governed by two main factors, first, the speed imparted to the material by gravity, and, second, the interval of time between suc'cessive crushing impacts during which the` material is permitted to drop as it is released by the increasing distance between the, opposed cone and concave and during which it glides along the cone prior to the crushing nip. The interval of time is governed by the speedvof operation of the machine. The length of the zone of parallelism must be such-that allthe material passing thereto will remain in the zone so long as to be .caught at least once by the cone and the concave at the moment of their closest approach.

This zone of parallelism with its sizing function is one of the most important and valuable features of the Symons process', but theV necessity of providing such a zone of a given length. has heretofore limited the degree of reduction which could be produced in a single crusher. Above the zone of parallelism, the walls of the cone and concave are sharply convergent forming what I shall call the reducing zone. There is a maximum permissible angle of convergence of the cone and `concave which can not b-e exceeded, because if it is exceeded the material will be wedged` back and not crushed. This limiting angle I shall call the maximum angle of nip. WithY l the length of the reducing zone fixed andthe maximum angle of nip fixed, the maximum entrance aperature for a cone of given size is necessarily limited if the cone and concave are designed in the' conventional manner shown in the Symons patents and heretofore exclusively used in practice.

I overcome this difliculty by providing the reduction zone portion of one of the 'two crushing members, preferably the concave, with annular steps, each .step offering a crushing'surface whose angle does not exceed the maximum permissible angle of nip. By adopting this arrangementit becomes possible to perform, in a single Crusher, of

a given size, the work that heretofore reexperience, the maximum size to be provided for in the crusher is fourteen inches, but this size comprises less than one per cent of the whole feed; and less than ten per cent of the Whole feed exceeds two inches. The final size is one-fourth of an inch.

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The use of a single Crusher under these l circumstances reduces the plant investment by approximately one-half and reduces the power consumption by nearly a half, because the power applied in the two Crushers former` v ly used is obviously not economically applied.

The invention will now be described in de tail in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which, i

Fig. 1 is a vertical axial section of a portion of a` Symons Crusher such as illustrated in the patents above mentioned, show# ing my invention applied.

Fig. Q is an axial section through one side of my improved cone and concave shown in full lines. and with the outlines of a Symons coarse bowl crusher and a Symons line bowl crusher heretofore used in sequence with each other, indicated in broken lines for purposes of comparison.

No eiort is made to illustrate all the details of the crusher which may be identical with the present Symons standard practice and which is illustrated in more or less detail in the patents mentioned and in others `franted to E. B. Symons.

6 represents a portion of the base trame of the machine and 7 represents a. portion of the eccentric sleeve which has a bearing bushingr 8 for the gyrat-ing shaft 9, which carries near its upper end a cone 11n The cone 11 has a lower spherical bearinglr surface 12 which coacts with a babbitted bearing 13. this bearing being sustained by a casting 14C which is supported on the bed frame 6.

A guard bearing; 15. for preventing the escape of oil and for excluding dust. is used as in the Symons structure` and further protection against dust is afforded by the skirts lzinc 19. in the usual manner.

The gyrating shaft 9 carries at. its upper end the usual feeding disk Q1 which is arranged to coact with the teed restricting; chute. such as the part El ofSymons Patent 1.537.564. It. is understood that the sleeve 'i' will he rotated in any convenient manner, preferably that shown in the Symons patents, and that. eenerallyt the structure will conform to the Symons practice.

Q2 is the feed hopper niounted on the conical spider 23. which may be adjustably mounted. as shown in Symons 1.537.565. or may be. both vieldingly and al'liustably mounted as shown. for example, in ynions 1.592.313. July 13, i926.

Mount-ed within the spider 28 is a concave mantle preferably formed in two parts. and E25. embedded on zinc QG. as is usual.

The lower section 2.5 includes the Zone oi' parallelism and the lower portion of the re duction zone. The contour of the lower section follows known practice except that the upward divergence between the cone and the concave is somewhat more pronounced than in the case of a. standard Symons Crusher designed for tine crushing. and is less pronounced than in the Symons Crusher designed for coarse crushing. The upper sect-ion 2l is provided with a plurality of annular crushing surfaces 27 arranged in stepped relation with each other and each at such an angle to the cone as is within the maximum permissible angle of nip. rli`he effect is to increase the entrance aperture without correspondingly increasing the angle ot nip.

Referring now to Fig. 2, the relation ot my improved design to the standard Synions design can be readily appreciated. The full line fir-B is the contour of the crushing cone and the full line B-C is the contour of the crushing concave according to the present invention. The dot and dash line B-D represents the contour of a standard Symons concave for fine crushing. Such a concave would be used with a cone having the contour fir-li. In other words. it would be used with the same cone as is shown in the present application.

coarse Crusher of Symons desi@n 'would have a concave contour conformingA 'to the broken line B-l-C and a cone contour conforming' to the broken line E--lEn "it will be observed that in my improved construction the zone of parallelism. whose upper limit Ais indicated by the line (3l-Gr is the same in my crusher as in the Symons Afine crusher., and that the zone of reduction between the lines (lr- Gr and H-H is characterized by a divergence of the two surfaces greater than in the case of the Symons fine crusher and less than in the case of the Symons coarse crusher.'

The initial reduction zone between the line H-H and the point of entrance of the material. has an effective rate of divergence greater than the divergence in either type of Sy mons Crusher. but the angle of nip is the same as that in the coarse crusher because the steps Q6 are either parallel or coincident with the broken line B-C which is the contour of the Symonscoarse crusher cone. rThe etlect is to get an entrance aperture as large as is secured in the Symons coarse. crusher, a sizing zone or zone of parallelism the same as is secured in the. Symons tine crusher. and an interveningr zone of reduction which is entirely within the present working limits. because it 'falls between the standards of two commercial Symons crushers.

lt may be stated that the broken line lf3-C,

by the length of the sizing zone and the limit-V ing angle of nip.

While the invention derives peculiar value in connection with the Symons gyratory cone crusher, for lthe reason just mentioned, cer-v tain of the advantages of the invention can be secured in other gyratory cone Crushers, and such usel falls within the broad scope of the present invention.

Inasmuch as the stepped portion of the con? cave does'l'ess work than the lower portion, it needs to be replaced less often, and, consequently, it is advantageous to form. the ecn` cave in two parts, the line of separation being near or slightly below the. lower margin of the lowermost step.

What is claimed is 1,. A crusher of the type including two opposed crushing elements movable relatively toward and from one another, with means vfor feeding material between said elements at a controlled rate such that the material flows in substantially a single layer of particles which are periodically arrested by crushing impacts delivered directly .to the particles by both said members during their approach,

said crusher being characterized by the fact that the entrance aperture exceeds that subtended by the maximum permissible angle of nip and that there is a reduction zone immediatel beneath the e trance comprising a plura ity of steps eac )having a crushing face within'the limiting angle of nip.

2. A gyratory crusher having a cone and a'surrounding concave, means for producing gyrator motion, and means for limiting the rate of eed to a value such thatl the material flows in substantially a single layer of particles which are periodically arrested by crushing impacts delivered directly to the particles by the cone and concave, said crusher being characterized by the fact that the annular entrance to the crushing zone exceeds i that subtended by the maximum permissible angle of nip and that the concave adjacent said entrance is formedwith a plurality of annular steps each having a crushing face within the limiting angle of the nip.

3. A gyratory crusher comprising a cone member and an encircling concave member,

one of said members having its entrance por-A tion formed with annular steps having faces within the limiting nip angle; and means for producing relative 'gyratory motion of said members.

4. A gyratory crusher comprising a cone ^members being formed to afford a zone of parallelism adjacent the discharge; and

means for producing relative gyratory niotion of said members.

6.- A gyratory crusher comprising a cone member and an encircling concave member, the concave member having its -entrance portion formed with annular steps having faces within the limiting nip angle, and the two members being formed to afford a zone of parallelism adjacent the discharge; and means for producing relative gyratory motion of said members.

7. A gyratory crusher comprising a cone member and an encircling concave member, one of said members having its entrance portion formed with annular steps having faces Within the limiting nip angle; means for producing relative gyratory motion of said'mem-l bers.; and means for feeding material to said crusher at a limited rate such that the interval between the cone and concave is never filled.

Within the limiting nip angle, and the two members being formed to aord a zone of parallelism adjacent the discharge; means for producing relative gyratory motion of said members; and means for feeding material to said crusher at a limited rate such that the interval between the cone and concave is never filled. v 9. A crusher of the type defined in claim 4:, characterized by the fact that theupper annulai'ly stepped portion of the concave is made in a separate piece from the lower portion of the concave. 10. A gyratory crusher comprising a cone member and an encircling concave member, the concave member overlying the cone member,the lower portion of the concave member approaching relatively closely to the cone p l conoidal Crushers, said lining having an annular internal surface whose elemellts are irregular lines, which lines, proceeding from the larger toward the smaller diameter, present an angle with the axis of the conoid which diminishes until a minimum valuevis approached, and thereafter are oft'- set away from said aXis in steps, each of which approximates said minimum angle.

1Q. A lining for the bowls of gyratory Crushers, said lining having an annular conoidal internal surface Whose elements are irregular lines, Which lines, proceeding from the larger to the smaller diameter, are first substantially straight, then curve outward to'present a diminishing angle With the axis of the conoid until a minimum angle is attained, and thereafter are offset to present steps, each of which approximates said minimum angle. i

13. A lining for the bowls of gyratory Crushers, said lining having an annular conoidal internal surface Whose elements are irregular lines, which lines, proceeding from the larger toward the smaller diameter, present an angle with the axis of the conoid which diminishes gradually to a limiting value, to produce entrance flare, and then become sinuous and more flaring.

14. A lining as defined in claim 13 formed in two parts, one of which includes the entire sinuous portions of the elements.

15. A gyratory Crusher comprising a cone member and an overlying encircling concave member, said members being formed to afford an annular entrance with a progressively increasing flare in a direction opposed to the direction of infeed, said flare attaining a value exceeding that afforded by the maximum permissible angle of nip and the surface of one of said members in the region of such excessive flare having ribs transverse to the direction of infeed; and means for producing relative gyratory motion ofl said members.

In testimony7 whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

DAVID OGLE. 

